필수정보

30년 만의 쾌거, 훈민정음 대작 탄생!
한글로 한자를 쉽게 찾는다고?

어문생활을 바르게 하기 위해서는 한자에 대한 이해와 활용이 병행되어야 하는데 이때 중요한 도구가 한자 사전이다. 그런데 대부분의 한자 사전을 찾는 법은 부수색인(部首索引), 자음색인(字音索引), 총획색인(總?索引)의 전통에서 벗어나지 못하고 있다. 이 세 가지 한자 사전 찾는 방법을 자세하게 들여다보면 다음의 몇 가지 문제점들을 쉽게 발견할 수 있다. 먼저 부수색인은 찾고자 하는 한자의 부수를 정확하게 알고 있어야 활용할 수 있다는 점이고, 자음색인의 경우에는 찾고자 하는 한자의 음(音)을 알아야 한다는 전제하에 활용할 수 있으며, 마지막으로 총획색인의 경우 먼저 찾고자 하는 한자의 총획수를 정확하게 셀 수 있어야 할 뿐 아니라, 설령 획수를 정확하게 세어서 찾는다고 하더라도 동일 획수에 해당하는 수많은 한자 중에서 가려낸다는 것은 시간의 허비는 물론이고 큰 인내심을 요구하는 비합리적인 방식이라는 점이다.

그래서 필자는 각 한자의 뜻을 중심으로 우리말로 쉽게 찾을 수 있는 한자 사전의 필요성을 절감하여 30여 년 전부터 여기저기 메모해 두었던 원고들을 정리하기 시작하였지만, 바다처럼 넓고 넓은 한문 전적(典籍)의 경서(經書)를 전부 찾아볼 수는 없었기 때문에 사전 원고 작업은 생각만큼 쉽게 진전되지 않았다. 그나마 다행하게도 어려서부터 한문 서당에서 글을 배우기 시작하여 지금까지 한문학자로서 일로매진해온 덕분에 나름대로 여러 경서를 접할 수 있었던 것이 포기하지 않도록 지탱해 준 밑거름이 되었다.

머리말 ························································································· 5
凡例 ···························································································· 7
目次 ···························································································· 9
㉠ ······························································································ 15
㉡ ······························································································ 138
㉢ ······························································································ 181
㉣ 두음법칙에 따라 첫소리가 ㄹ인 한자어는 ㄴ혹은 ㅇ에 배열하였으므로
해당 우리말을 다루지 않음.
㉤ ······························································································ 247
㉥ ······························································································ 317
㉦ ······························································································ 401
㉧ ······························································································ 484
㉨ ······························································································ 589
㉩ ······························································································ 659
㉪ ······························································································ 684
㉫ ······························································································ 692
㉬ ······························································································ 701
㉭ ······························································································ 719
附錄(1) 우리말로 찾는 한자어 ······················································· 761
附錄(2) 참고문헌 목록 ·································································· 919
附錄(3) 주요 참고문헌 해설 ·························································· 927
附錄(4) 자음으로 찾는 실용한자 3300············································· 943

附錄1. 우리말로 찾는 漢字語 目次

㉠ ······························································································ 763
㉡ ······························································································ 789
㉢ ······························································································ 801
㉣ ······························································································ 817
㉤ ······························································································ 817
㉥ ······························································································ 841
㉦ ······························································································ 862
㉧ ······························································································ 888
㉨ ······························································································ 899
㉩ ······························································································ 907
㉪ ······························································································ 910
㉫ ······························································································ 910
㉬ ······························································································ 911
㉭ ······························································································ 912

附錄2. 參考文獻 및 人名 目次

㉠ ······························································································ 921
㉡ ······························································································ 921
㉢ ······························································································ 921
㉣ ······························································································ 922
㉤ ······························································································ 922
㉥ ······························································································ 922
㉦ ······························································································ 922
㉧ ······························································································ 923
㉨ ······························································································ 924
㉩ ······························································································ 925
㉫ ······························································································ 925
㉬ ······························································································ 925
㉭ ······························································································ 925

附錄3. 主要 參考文獻 說明 目次

1. 가의(賈誼) ········································································ 936
2. 강엄(江淹) ········································································ 940
3. 강희자전(康熙字典) ························································ 940
4. 고시(古詩) ········································································ 933
5. 고운(顧雲) ········································································ 937
6. 곡량전(穀梁傳) ································································ 936
7. 공양전(公羊傳) ································································ 933
8. 공자(孔子) ········································································ 935
9. 공자가어(孔子家語) ························································ 936
10. 곽박(郭璞) ········································································ 933
11. 관자(管子) ········································································ 932
12. 구당서(舊唐書) ································································ 936
13. 국어(國語) ········································································ 930
14. 남사(南史) ········································································ 932
15. 노자(老子) ········································································ 932
16. 논어(論語) ········································································ 930
17. 논형(論衡) ········································································ 938
18. 당서(唐書) ········································································ 931
19. 대대례(大戴禮) ································································ 938
20. 대학(大學) ········································································ 933
21. 대학장구(大學章句) ························································ 941
22. 도잠(陶潛) ········································································ 934
23. 두목(杜牧) ········································································ 938
24. 두보(杜甫) ········································································ 932
25. 마융(馬融) ········································································ 936
26. 맹자(孟子) ········································································ 929
27. 목화(木華) ········································································ 936
28. 문자(文子) ········································································ 938
29. 문체명변(文體明辯) ························································ 941
30. 반고(班固) ········································································ 933
31. 반악(潘岳) ········································································ 934
32. 백거이(白居易) ································································ 934
33. 범성대(范成大) ································································ 940
34. 본초경(本草經) ································································ 937
35. 북당(北堂) ········································································ 939
36. 북사(北史) ········································································ 933
37. 사기(史記) ········································································ 929
38. 사령운(謝靈運) ································································ 938
39. 사마상여(司馬相如) ························································ 932
40. 사조(謝月兆) ········································································ 940
41. 산해경(山海經) ································································ 935
42. 서경(書經) ········································································ 929
43. 석명(釋名) ········································································ 937
44. 설문해자(說文解字) ························································ 934
45. 설원(說苑) ········································································ 935
46. 세설(世說) ········································································ 933
47. 소문(素問) ········································································ 939
48. 소식(蘇軾) ········································································ 932
49. 송사(宋史) ········································································ 932
50. 송서(宋書) ········································································ 935
51. 송옥(宋玉) ········································································ 935
52. 수경주(水經注) ································································ 941
53. 수서(隋書) ········································································ 935
54. 순자(荀子) ········································································ 930
55. 시경(詩經) ········································································ 929
56. 신론(新論) ········································································ 941
57. 심약(沈約) ········································································ 940
58. 십팔사략(十八史略) ························································ 933
59. 안씨가훈(顔氏家訓) ························································ 936
60. 양간문제(梁簡文帝) ························································ 939
61. 양웅(揚雄) ········································································ 931
62. 양자법언(揚子法言) ························································ 935
63. 여씨춘추(呂氏春秋) ························································ 931
64. 역경(易經) ········································································ 930
65. 역림(易林) ········································································ 940
66. 열선전(列仙傳) ································································ 937
67. 열자(列子) ········································································ 932
68. 예기(禮記) ········································································ 929
69. 오대사(五代史) ································································ 937
70. 오지(吳志) ········································································ 934
71. 왕발(王勃) ········································································ 938
72. 왕우칭(王禹?) ································································ 939
73. 왕유(王維) ········································································ 941
74. 왕포(王褒) ········································································ 939
75. 원진(元?) ········································································ 938
76. 위서(魏書) ········································································ 936
77. 위지(魏志) ········································································ 934
78. 유기(劉基) ········································································ 941
79. 유신(庾信) ········································································ 940
80. 유종원(柳宗元) ································································ 933
81. 육기(陸機) ········································································ 935
82. 육유(陸游) ········································································ 937
83. 의례(儀禮) ········································································ 931
84. 이백(李白) ········································································ 934
85. 이상은(李商隱) ································································ 938
86. 이아(爾雅) ········································································ 931
87. 이의산잡찬(李義山雜纂) ················································ 941
88. 이화(李華) ········································································ 939
89. 장자(莊子) ········································································ 930
90. 장형(張衡) ········································································ 931
91. 전국책(戰國策) ································································ 931
92. 정자통(正字通) ································································ 938
93. 제갈량(諸葛亮) ································································ 939
94. 제서(齊書) ········································································ 941
95. 조식(曹植) ········································································ 935
96. 좌사(左思) ········································································ 932
97. 좌전(左傳) ········································································ 929
98. 주례(周禮) ········································································ 929
99. 주희(朱熹) ········································································ 936
100. 중용(中庸) ······································································ 931
101. 진서(晉書) ······································································ 930
102. 채옹(蔡邕) ······································································ 939
103. 초사(楚辭) ······································································ 930
104. 촉지(蜀志) ······································································ 940
105. 춘추(春秋) ······································································ 934
106. 태현경(太玄經) ······························································ 934
107. 포박자(抱朴子) ······························································ 937
108. 포조(鮑照) ······································································ 940
109. 한서(漢書) ······································································ 929
110. 한시외전(韓詩外傳) ······················································ 939
111. 한유(韓愈) ······································································ 930
112. 혜강(?康) ······································································ 937
113. 회남자(淮南子) ······························································ 930
114. 효경(孝經) ······································································ 937
115. 후한서(後漢書) ······························································ 929

附錄4. 자음으로 찾는 실용한자 3300

·························································································· 945~974
91. 전국책(戰國策) ································································ 931
92. 정자통(正字通) ································································ 938
93. 제갈량(諸葛亮) ································································ 939
94. 제서(齊書) ········································································ 941
95. 조식(曹植) ········································································ 935
96. 좌사(左思) ········································································ 932
97. 좌전(左傳) ········································································ 929
98. 주례(周禮) ········································································ 929
99. 주희(朱熹) ········································································ 936
100. 중용(中庸) ······································································ 931
101. 진서(晉書) ······································································ 930
102. 채옹(蔡邕) ······································································ 939
103. 초사(楚辭) ······································································ 930
104. 촉지(蜀志) ······································································ 940
105. 춘추(春秋) ······································································ 934
106. 태현경(太玄經) ······························································ 934
107. 포박자(抱朴子) ······························································ 937
108. 포조(鮑照) ······································································ 940
109. 한서(漢書) ······································································ 929
110. 한시외전(韓詩外傳) ······················································ 939
111. 한유(韓愈) ······································································ 930
112. 혜강(?康) ······································································ 937
113. 회남자(淮南子) ······························································ 930
114. 효경(孝經) ······································································ 937
115. 후한서(後漢書) ······························································ 929

우리가 사용하는 언어는 시간의 흐름에 따라 생성, 성장, 소멸하면서 변한다.
이것을 언어의 역사성이라고 한다.

세종대왕이 훈민정음을 창제하신 의도는 ‘나라의 말소리가 중국과는 달라 문자(한자)와는 서로 맞지 아니하므로 이런 까닭으로 글을 모르는 백성들이 말하고자 하는 바 있어도 마침내 제 뜻을 능히 펴지 못할 사람이 많으니라 내 이를 위하여, 가엾게 여겨 새로 스물여덟 자를 만드노니 사람마다 쉽게 익혀 날마다 씀에 편안케 하고자 할 따름이니라.’라는 어제 서문에 잘 나타나 있듯이 이 서문의 핵심은 한자를 폐기하라는 것이 아니라, 백성이 편리하게 어문생활을 하라는 것이다.

오늘날 세계 속에서 한국어의 위상을 드높이려면 훈민정음의 창제 정신을 바탕으로 우리 국어를 더욱 사랑하고 국어 발전에 참여하는 태도를 길러야 한다. 우리나라는 OECD 국가 중에서 문맹률은 가장 낮은데 덩달아 문해율도 가장 낮은 기이한 현상을 빚고 있다. 그 원인은 우리 국어의 한 축을 담당하고 있는 한자 교육의 폐지가 부른 어문 정책이 일조하지 않았나 생각한다. 왜냐하면, 우리 국어의 특징이 대부분 어휘가 한자어이고 수많은 동음이의어(同音異議語)인 까닭이다.

다시 말해 어문생활을 바르게 하기 위해서는 한자에 대한 이해와 활용이 병행되어야 하는데 이때 중요한 도구가 한자 사전이다. 그런데 대부분의 한자 사전을 찾는 법은 부수색인(部首索引), 자음색인(字音索引), 총획색인(總畵索引)의 전통에서 벗어나지 못하고 있다.

이 세 가지 한자 사전 찾는 방법을 자세하게 들여다보면 다음의 몇 가지 문제점들을 쉽게 발견할 수 있다. 먼저 부수색인은 찾고자 하는 한자의 부수를 정확하게 알고 있어야 활용할 수 있다는 점이고, 자음색인의 경우에는 찾고자 하는 한자의 음(音)을 알아야 한다는 전제하에 활용할 수 있으며, 마지막으로 총획색인의 경우 먼저 찾고자 하는 한자의 총획수를 정확하게 셀 수 있어야 할 뿐 아니라, 설령 획수를 정확하게 세어서 찾는다고 하더라도 동일 획수에 해당하는 수많은 한자 중에서 가려낸다는 것은 시간의 허비는 물론이고 큰 인내심을 요구하는 비합리적인 방식이라는 점이다.

그래서 필자는 각 한자의 뜻을 중심으로 〈우리말로 쉽게 찾을 수 있는 한자 사전〉의 필요성을 절감하여 30여 년 전부터 여기저기 메모해 두었던 원고들을 정리하기 시작하였지만, 바다처럼 넓고 넓은 한문 전적(典籍)의 경서(經書)를 전부 찾아볼 수는 없었기 때문에 사전 원고 작업은 생각만큼 쉽게 진전되지 않았다. 그나마 다행하게도 어려서부터 한문 서당에서 글을 배우기 시작하여 지금까지 한문학자로서 일로매진해온 덕분에 나름대로 여러 경서를 접할 수 있었던 것이 포기하지 않도록 지탱해 준 밑거름이 되었다.

이렇게 시작했던 원고 작업을 거의 20년 만인 2011년에 일차 탈고하였었다. 그러나 선뜻 이 원고를 출판 해주겠다는 출판사를 만나지 못하여 10여 년 동안 보관만 하고 있었는데, 훈민정음 창제 580돌이 되는 2024년 새해를 맞이하여 뜻밖에도 출판 유통의 백년가게, 가나북스에서 출판해주시겠다고 큰 결단을 해주시니 기왕이면 이 자전이 더 많은 사람에게 활용될 수 있게 되었으면 좋겠다는 마음으로 보완하여 세상에 내놓는다.

『우리말로 찾는 正音字典』의 제호를 써주신 국립현대미술관 초대작가이신 서예가 雲谷 金東淵 선생님께 衷心으로 감사드린다.

그리고 교정(校正) 작업을 할 때 애착을 갖고 한 자 한 자 꼼꼼하게 교열(校閱)을 하고 의견을 개진해 준 애제자 一鄕 朴花娟 斯文의 노고는 아주 오랫동안 잊을 수 없을 것이다.
아무쪼록 본서가 많은 독자의 어문생활을 하는 데 일조가 되기를 바란다.

- 五恨齋에서 編著者 朴在成 識